Table 2 Growth performance and nutrient utilization of E. suratensis fed different classes of carbohydrates for 60 days

Initial body weight (g/fish)

3.55 ± 0.02

3.53 ± 0.01

3.56 ± 0.02

3.60 ± 0.02

3.53 ± 0.02

0.101

2.59

Final body weight (g/fish)

4.57 ± 0.13^a

5.31 ± 0.12^b

5.84 ± 0.12^b

6.71 ± 0.19^c

5.60 ± 0.21^b

0.000

23.07

Weight Gain (g/fish)

1.02 ± 0.13^a

1.79 ± 0.12^b

2.28 ± 0.09^b

3.11 ± 0.20^c

2.07 ± 0.21^b

0.000

22.06

Weight Gain Percentage (%)

28.75 ± 3.65^a

50.61 ± 3.44^b

64.02 ± 2.43^b

86.46 ± 5.92^c

58.45 ± 10.7^b

0.000

21.02

Survival %

98.00 ± 1.66

97.67 ± 1.66

97.00 ± 2.90

100.00 ± 0.00

98.00 ± 2.00

0.620

0.68

Specific Growth Rate (SGR%)

0.42 ± 0.04^a

0.69 ± 0.03^b

0.82 ± 0.02^b

1.04 ± 0.05^c

0.76 ± 0.06^b

0.000

22.27

Condition Factor

2.04 ± 0.06

2.04 ± 0.05

2.08 ± 0.05

2.25 ± 0.10

2.33 ± 0.05

0.060

2.45

Hepato-Somatic Index (HSI)

2.30 ± 0.18^ab

2.74 ± 0.19^b

2.05 ± 0.10^a

2.33 ± 0.04^ab

2.50 ± 0.07^b

0.007

4.11

Viscero-Somatic Index (VSI)

7.09 ± 0.27^a

8.87 ± 0.53^b

6.57 ± 0.27^a

6.48 ± 0.36^a

7.83 ± 0.74^a

0.000

6.25

Total feed intake (FI (g)/ fish)

3.96 ± 0.05^ab

3.93 ± 0.27^ab

3.44 ± 0.14^a

4.36 ± 0.18^bc

4.89 ± 0.16^c

0.002

9.13

Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)

3.99 ± 0.42^c

2.20 ± 0.08^b

1.51 ± 0.02^a

1.41 ± 0.05^a

2.40 ± 0.15^b

0.000

23.68

Feed Efficiency ratio (FER)

0.26 ± 0.02^a

0.46 ± 0.01^b

0.66 ± 0.02^c

0.71 ± 0.02^c

0.42 ± 0.02^b

0.000

63.61

Protein Gain (g/fish)

0.13 ± 0.01^a

0.26 ± 0.01^b

0.29 ± 0.01^b

0.39 ± 0.02^c

0.29 ± 0.02^b

0.000

21.96

Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER)

0.74 ± 0.08^a

1.31 ± 0.04^b

1.90 ± 0.00^c

2.06 ± 0.07^c

1.22 ± 0.08^b

0.000

61.99

Lipid Efficiency Ratio (LER)

2.30 ± 0.13^a

6.41 ± 0.12^b

10.78 ± 0.09^c

10.22 ± 0.20^c

6.33 ± 0.21^b

0.000

78.68

Protein Retention Efficiency (PRE)

9.31 ± 1.06^a

18.70 ± 0.66^b

24.26 ± 0.01^c

26.08 ± 1.03^c

17.08 ± 0.95^b

0.000

62.94

Lipid Gain (g/fish)

0.20 ± 0.01^b

0.07 ± 0.00^a

0.18 ± 0.00^b

0.19 ± 0.01^b

0.23 ± 0.02^c

0.000

45.33

Lipid Retention Efficiency (LRE)

70.85 ± 2.47^c

23.58 ± 0.88^a

74.90 ± 0.77^d

61.09 ± 1.72^b

70.82 ± 1.84^c

0.000

190.41