Histo-architectural and histochemical changes in the liver and intestine of Labeo rohita: integrative effect of water temperature and dietary protein level

Table 1 Feed formulation of the different experimental diets

Ingredients	Experimental diets
Ingredients	20% CP	30% CP	40% CP	45% CP
Fish meal^a	5	15	30	30
Soybean meal^a	21	36	40	40
Wheat flour^a	18	15	10	5
Wheat bran^a	44	22	5	5
Casein + Gelatin (4:1)^b	2	2	5	10
Soybean oil	4	4	4	4
Cod liver oil	2	2	2	2
CMC^c	2	2	2	2
Emix (Vit-Min mix)^d	1.99	1.99	1.99	1.99
Vitamin C^e	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Proximate composition of diet (% DM basis)
Dry Matter	92.87	93.44	93.52	93.68
Crude protein (CP)	20.08	30.35	40.25	44.85
Ether extract (EE)	9.57	9.69	10.10	10.05
Total Carbohydrate (TC)	60.46	49.42	38.60	33.95
Total ash	9.89	10.54	11.05	11.15
Digestible energy (kcal/100 g)^f	408.29	406.29	406.30	405.65

^a Procured from Central poultry farm, Mumbai, India
^b Casein fat free: 75% CP (HImedia ltd, India)
^b Gelatin: 96% CP (HImedia ltd, India)
^c Carboxymethylcellulose (Sd Fine Chemicals Ltd., India)
^d Vitamin-mineral mix (Emix™ plus) (quantity/2.5 kg): Vitamin A-55,00,000 IU; Vitamin D₃−11,00,000 IU; Vitamin B₂−2,000 mg; Vitamin E-750 mg; Vitamin K-1,000 mg; Vitamin B₆−1,000 mg; Vitamin B₁₂- 6 mg; Calcium panthothenate-2,500 mg; Niacinamide-10 gm; Choline chloride-150 gm; Mn-27,000 mg; Iodine-1,000 mg; Fe-7,500 mg; Cu-2,000; Zn-5,000 mg; Co- 450 mg; Ca- 500 g; P-300 g; Se-50 ppm; L-Lysine-10 g; DL-methionine-10 g
^e Stay C (Hoffman La Roche, Nutley, N.J., USA) 15% ascorbic acid activity
^fDE (Kcal/100 g) = CP (%) × 4 + EE (%) × 9 + TC (%) × 4